EXAM: Waec 2024

SUBJECT: General MATHEMATICS

PIN: MATHS101

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GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL 1

(1c)

(i) Linear Ridge: It extends in a line from the southwest to the northeast.

(ii) Elevation Change: Indicates significant elevation changes.

(iii) Natural Barrier: Acts as a barrier influencing rivers and settlement locations.

(1d)

(i) Route Alignment: Roads follow valleys and avoid steep slopes.

(ii) Settlement Proximity: Settlements are in flatter areas for easier access.

(iii) Bridges and Passes: Roads cross rivers at narrow points and avoid high ridges, using lower elevation gaps.

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PRACTICAL No 4

SECTION II ANSWER ONLY THREE(3)

(4a)

An igneous rock is a type of rock that is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It can be either intrusive (formed below the Earth's surface) or extrusive (formed above the Earth's surface).

(4b)

(i)They have a crystalline structure

(ii)They are rich in minerals

(iii)They can have a glassy appearance (in the case of extrusive rocks)

(4c)

(i)They are a source of valuable minerals such as copper, gold, and silver

(ii)They are used as building materials (e.g., granite, basalt)

(iii)They are used as a source of energy (e.g., geothermal power)

(iv)They are used in the manufacture of cement and concrete

(v)They are a source of rare earth elements (e.g., neodymium, dysprosium)

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PRACTICAL No 5

(5a)

(i)Soluble rocks (e.g., limestone, dolomite) that can be dissolved by water

(ii)High rainfall and runoff

(iii)Presence of fractures and joints in the rock

(5b)

A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that forms when a layer of rock or soil is dissolved or collapses.

-Characteristics of sinkholes include:

(i)They can be sudden or gradual in formation

(ii)They can be small or large in size

(iii)They often have steep sides and a flat bottom

-Mode of formation:

(i)Dissolution of rock by groundwater

(ii)Collapse of a cave or underground void

(iii)Subsidence due to mining or other human activities

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PRACTICAL No 7

(7a)

(i)Meanders

(ii)Oxbow lakes

(iii)Floodplains

(7b)

A pothole is a circular or oval-shaped hole in the bed of a river, formed by the grinding action of sand and pebbles.

-Characteristics of potholes include:

(i)They can be deep and narrow

(ii)They often have a smooth, polished surface

(iii)They can be found in areas of fast-flowing water

-Mode of formation:

(i)Erosion by sand and pebbles

(ii)Whirlpools and eddies in the water

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GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL 8

(8a)

Atmospheric resources refer to the natural resources that are found in the Earth's atmosphere, including air, water vapour, and gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.

(8b)

(i)They are essential for human and animal life

(ii)They influence the Earth's climate and weather patterns

(iii)They are used in industrial processes and energy production

(8c)

(i)Burning of fossil fuels, leading to air pollution and climate change

(ii)Deforestation and land use changes, leading to loss of oxygen and increased greenhouse gases

(iii)Industrial processes, leading to release of pollutants and toxic gases.

GEOGRAPHY OBJECT

1-10:BADBCCADDC

11-20:ACCAACBBCC

21-30:BCABAAACAD

31-40:ABBACAACAC

41-50:CBADABBDBB

No 1

(1a)

Primary industries involve extracting or harvesting natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, and fishing. Secondary industries involve processing and manufacturing raw materials into finished goods, such as textiles, steel, and electronics.

(1b)

(i)Lower capital requirements

(ii)Less complex technology

(iii)Greater flexibility

(iv)Ability to utilize local resources

(1c)

(i)Creation of employment opportunities

(ii)Increased GDP and economic growth

(iii)Improved standard of living

(iv)Development of infrastructure

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No 2

(2a)

(i)Rural-urban migration

(ii)Urban-rural migration

(iii)International migration

(iv)Internal migration

(2b)

(i)Political instability

(ii)Economic hardship

(iii)Environmental degradation

(iv)Conflict and war

(v)Social and cultural factors

(2c)

(i)Increased population density

(ii)Strain on resources and infrastructure

(iii)Cultural and social changes

No 3

(3a)

Birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population over a given period, usually a year.

(3b)

(i)Cultural and social factors

(ii)Economic conditions

(iii)Access to education and family planning

(3c)

(i)Increased workforce and economic growth

(ii)Greater market for goods and services

(iii)Cultural and social diversity

(3d)

(i)Strain on resources and infrastructure

(ii)Environmental degradation

(iii)Increased poverty and unemployment

No 5

(5a)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Climate: Different regions in Nigeria have varying climatic conditions, which affect what crops can be grown. For instance, the northern region with its arid climate is suitable for crops like millet and sorghum, while the southern region with its humid climate supports crops like cocoa and palm oil.

(ii) Soil Type:The fertility and type of soil in different parts of Nigeria influence agricultural productivity. Areas with rich, loamy soil are more suitable for crop farming, while regions with poor, sandy soil may be better for certain types of grazing.

(iii) Topography: The physical landscape, including mountains, valleys, and plains, affects what can be produced. Flat plains are ideal for large-scale farming, while hilly or mountainous areas may be better for specific crops or livestock.

(iv) Water Availability: Access to water resources, such as rivers, lakes, and rainfall, is crucial for agriculture and other production activities. Areas with abundant water resources can support irrigation-based agriculture and industries that require significant water input.

(v) Economic Factors: Market demand, availability of capital, and access to technology can influence production. Regions with better infrastructure and market access can support more diverse and technologically advanced production.

(vi) Government Policies: Policies such as subsidies, tariffs, and support for certain industries can encourage the production of specific goods. For example, government incentives for agricultural production can boost farming activities.

(vi) Human Resources: The availability of skilled and unskilled labor affects what can be produced. Areas with a higher population and better educational facilities can support industries requiring specialized skills.

(5b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate transportation networks, such as roads, railways, and ports, can impede the movement of goods within the country and for export, leading to delays and increased costs.

(ii) Corruption: Corruption at various levels of government and within trade-related institutions can create obstacles for businesses, including the need to pay bribes and deal with bureaucratic red tape.

(iii) Insecurity: Issues such as terrorism, banditry, and piracy can disrupt trade routes, lead to loss of goods, and deter both local and foreign investors from engaging in trade activities.

(iv) Inconsistent Government Policies: Frequent changes in trade policies, tariffs, and regulations can create uncertainty and instability, making it difficult for businesses to plan and operate effectively.

(v) Lack of Access to Finance: Difficulty in obtaining loans and other financial services can hinder businesses from expanding their operations and engaging in larger-scale trade.

(vi) Electricity Shortages: Frequent power outages and lack of reliable electricity supply can affect production processes, increase costs, and reduce the competitiveness of Nigerian goods in the international market.

(vii) Trade Barriers: High tariffs, import/export restrictions, and complex customs procedures can make it difficult for businesses to trade across borders, reducing trade volumes and increasing costs.