EXAM: Neco 2024

SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY

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GEOGRAPHY OBJECTIVE

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11-20: CADECEBCAD

21-30: DACDDEBDAA

31-40: ADDBDDCCBE

41-50: BACDADDEEE

51-60: BBBAEDBBDC

GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL ANSWERS

(2a)

(i) Core: Innermost layer, about 3476km wide all round, consists largely of iron and nickel, divisible into inner and outer core, found in a molten state, reservoir of minerals to the other zones.

(ii) Mantle: middle layer, surrounds the core, about 2897km thick, composed of very dense rocks, rocks are rich in olivine basalt.

(iii) Crust: Lies above the mantle, outer layer, consists of granitic and basaltic rocks, varies in thickness from place to place , divisible into 2-sial and sima, forms soil, sustains life.

(2b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Provides a habitat for plants and animals: The surface layer of the Earth's crust provides a stable and habitable environment for a wide range of organisms. It provides the necessary conditions for life, such as sunlight, water, and nutrients.

(ii) Source of minerals: The surface layer of the Earth's crust contains a variety of minerals that are essential for human activities. These minerals include metals, such as iron, copper, and gold, as well as non-metallic minerals, such as sand, gravel, and clay.

(iii) Source of water: The surface layer of the Earth's crust is home to a variety of water bodies, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and aquifers. These water bodies provide essential resources for human consumption, agriculture, and industry.

(iv) Supports human activities: The surface layer of the Earth's crust provides a stable foundation for human activities, such as agriculture, construction, and transportation. It also provides scenic beauty and recreational opportunities.

(v) Regulates the Earth's climate: The surface layer of the Earth's crust plays a role in regulating the Earth's climate. It absorbs and reflects solar radiation, and it stores and releases heat.

(vi) Protects the Earth from harmful radiation: The surface layer of the Earth's crust provides protection from harmful radiation from the sun and other sources. It absorbs and scatters this radiation, reducing its impact on the Earth's surface.

QUESTION PRACTICAL 3

(3ai)

Mode Of Formation: Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rocks called magma, ejected from beneath the earth's crust. The magma which results from high temperature and pressure beneath the earth, forces itself towards the earth's surface through cracks. As the magma moves towards the surface, it comes in contact with lower temperature, hence it cools and solidifies to form Igneous Rocks. A very good example of them are Basalt and Granite.

(3aii)

(i) They are either acidic or basic.

(ii) They are usually hard and impervious.

(iii) They do not contain fossils.

(iv) They do not occur in layers, i.e. they are non-stratified rocks.

(v) Igneous Rocks are crystalline in structures, i.e. they contain crystals.

(vi) They vary in Colour (light or dark).

(3b)

{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}

(i) Igneous rocks like granite, basalt, and gabbro are used as building materials for their strength and durability.

(ii) Igneous rocks like marble, quartz, and obsidian are used for decorative purposes, such as countertops, flooring, and sculptures.

(iii) Igneous rocks like pumice and basalt are used as abrasives for cleaning and polishing surfaces.

(iv) Igneous rocks are used as aggregate in concrete, asphalt, and road construction.

(v) Igneous rocks like granite and basalt are used as dimension stone for architectural purposes.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 3

(3ai)

(3aii)

(i) They are either acidic or basic.

(ii) They are usually hard and impervious.

(iii) They do not contain fossils.

(iv) They do not occur in layers, i.e. they are non-stratified rocks.

(v) Igneous Rocks are crystalline in structures, i.e. they contain crystals.

(vi) They vary in Colour (light or dark).

(3b)

{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}

(i) Igneous rocks like granite, basalt, and gabbro are used as building materials for their strength and durability.

(ii) Igneous rocks like marble, quartz, and obsidian are used for decorative purposes, such as countertops, flooring, and sculptures.

(iii) Igneous rocks like pumice and basalt are used as abrasives for cleaning and polishing surfaces.

(iv) Igneous rocks are used as aggregate in concrete, asphalt, and road construction.

(v) Igneous rocks like granite and basalt are used as dimension stone for architectural purposes.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 4

(4a)

Climate is defined as the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time (35 years).

(4bi)

{CHECK DIAGRAM BELOW}

Convectional Rainfall: Convectional rainfall occurs in the area intensively heated. Hot/Warm air, accompanied by a rise in relative humidity takes place. The rising air becomes saturated and water vapour condenses woth cloud being formed quickly. This results im heavy rains, accompanied by thunder and lightning. It is short-lived and characterised by heavy winds, lightning and thunder. Convectional rainfall is always torrential or heavy, accompanied by lightning and thunder.

(4bii)

{CHECK THE DIAGRAM BELOW}

Cyclonic Rainfall: Also Known as Frontal rainfall is caused by meeting of two air masses, which are different in terms of origin and characteristics. Warm, light, moisture ladden air rises above cold and dense air. Ascent of the warn air, cooling takes place and condensation occurs. Cloud formation and precipitation follow. Cyclonic rainfall is characterised by fronts and weather system in mid latitudes.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 6

(6ai)

River Capture: Also called river piracy or river beheading, refers to two parallel consequent rivers with tributaries separated by a more powerful river and with presence of wind gap. E.g River Ogunpa in Ibadan, Nigeria.

(6aii)

River Rejuvenation: A river is said to be rejuvenated when it is given a new lease of of life or being young again i.e. an extra power of erosion. This happens when the base level of the river falls, either because the land is uplifted or because the level of the sea falls.

(6b)

(i) Solution: Some rock materials dissolve in water and are carried in solution from the upper to lower course of the river.

(ii) Suspension: Here, the lighter particles of solid materials are carried in suspension as the water flows.

(iii) Saltation: In this process, larger particles are moved in series of hops or jumps along the stream bed.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 6

(6ai)

(6bii)

(6b)

(i) Solution: Some rock materials dissolve in water and are carried in solution from the upper to lower course of the river.

(ii) Suspension: Here, the lighter particles of solid materials are carried in suspension as the water flows.

(iii) Saltation: In this process, larger particles are moved in series of hops or jumps along the stream bed.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 7

(7a)

Environment resources refer to any useful item in the environment, or materials and substances that are useful to man.

(7b)

(i) Land Resources.

(ii) Mineral Resources.

(iii) Human Resources.

(iv) Water Resources.

(7c)

Renewable Resources: This are natural resources that are recoverable and that can be replenished over time. They are a sustainable way to meet our energy and material needs.

(7d)

(i) Rain.

(ii) Animal.

(iii) Plant.

(iv) Water.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 7

(7a)

Environmental resources are natural components or substances that support life on Earth. They include all living and non-living elements of the environment that provide benefits and sustenance to humans and other species.

(7b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Water

(ii) Air

(iii) Soil

(iv) Forests

(v) Wildlife

(vi) Minerals

(7c)

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be naturally replenished over a short time scale (typically within a human lifetime). They are not depleted permanently and can be used sustainably without exhausting their supply.

(7d)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Solar energy

(ii) Wind energy

(iii) Water (in most cases)

(iv) Biomass (e.g., wood, crops)

(v) Geothermal energy

(vi) Tidal energy

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 8

(8a)

(i) Land Surveying.

(ii) Remote Sensing.

(iii) Map Digitizing.

(iv) Map Scanning.

EXPLANATION

(i) Land Surveying: Land Surveying is defined as thr process by which measurement of land is made and then represent such measurement by tables, plans or layout for specific purposes.

(ii) Remote Sensing: Remote consists of the main source of digital data for input in a GIS. Remote Sensing (RS) provide extremely useful tools for environmental and natural resources management.

(iii) Map Digitizing: Map Digitizing involves the extraction of data values from graph e.g. in most scientific publication only plots but no data values are published.

(iv) Map Scanning: Existing Maps of various scales containing different type of information about the area of internet in small or big detail. These maps can be scanned, thus the information of these maps can be fed into a GIS and be integrated with other existing information.

(8b)

(i) In Engineering.

(ii) In Planning.

(iii) In Management.

(iv) In Telecommunications.

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QUESTION PRACTICAL 8

(8a)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Remote sensing: Satellite imagery, aerial photography, and other remotely sensed data provide valuable information about the Earth's surface and features.

(ii) Field surveys: On-the-ground data collection through surveys, sampling, and measurements can provide detailed and accurate information about specific locations.

(iii) Census data: Demographic and socioeconomic data collected by government agencies can be used to create GIS layers related to population density, income levels, and other social indicators.

(iv) Historical maps and documents: Archival records and historical maps can provide valuable insights into past landscapes and changes over time.

(v) Crowdsourcing: Data collected from online platforms, such as OpenStreetMap, can contribute to GIS databases and provide real-time information about various aspects of the environment.

(vi) Statistical data: Data from government agencies, research institutions, and other sources can be used to create GIS layers that represent statistical information, such as crime rates or disease incidence.

(8b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Natural resource management: GIS can be used to map and analyze natural resources, such as forests, water bodies, and minerals, to support conservation and sustainable use.

(ii) Land use planning: GIS helps planners visualize and analyze land use patterns, identify suitable areas for development, and manage zoning regulations.

(iii) Transportation planning: GIS can be used to design and optimize transportation networks, including roads, railways, and public transportation systems.

(iv) Emergency management: GIS can provide real-time information during emergencies, such as natural disasters or public health crises, to support decision-making and response efforts.

(v) Public health: GIS can be used to analyze disease patterns, identify high-risk areas, and develop strategies for improving public health outcomes.

(vi) Marketing and business analysis: GIS can help businesses analyze market trends, identify customer demographics, and optimize distribution networks.

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